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The NFκB transcription factor was originally identified as a protein complex consisting of a DNA binding subunit and an associated protein. The DNA binding subunit is functionally related to c-Rel p75 and Rel B p68. The p50 subunit was initially believed to be a functionally unique protein derived from the amino terminus of a precursor designated p105. A cDNA has been isolated that encodes an alternative DNA binding subunit of NFκB. It is synthesized as a protein that is expressed in a variety of cell types and, like p105, undergoes cleavage to generate its NFκB subunit, in this case a protein designated p52 (previously referred to as p49). In contrast to p50 derived from p105, p52 acts in synergy with p65 to stimulate the HIV enhancer in transiently transfected Jurkat cells. This figure shows Flow Cytometry Analysis in which HeLa cells were stained with Anti-NFκB p52-FITC. Cells labeled with the antibody are resolved in the green peak, and those with an isotype control are gray.
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CD44, also known as H-CAM is a distinct adhesion molecule that, with its 13 known isoforms, comprises a family of transmembrane glycoproteins involved in a wide variety of significant biological processes. Members belonging to this family are involved in apoptosis, migration, metastasis, tumor progression, lymphocyte homing, and the attachment of hematopoietic cells to stromal cells. CD44 is the primary cell surface receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), and is also a notable target for WNT signaling within the intestinal mucosa. Recent studies have used CD44 marker as a means to isolate different cancer stem cells (CSC) such as; colorectal CSC, pancreatic CSC, and prostate CSC.
This figure shows Flow Cytometry Analysis of mouse bone marrow stained with anti-mouse CD44-PE (yellow). Isotype control labeling is shown in gray.
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