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			96-Well Plate

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	48-602MAG	Buffer Detection Kit for Magnetic Beads	1 Kit

ECM105 Sigma-AldrichMillicoat™ Human Collagen Type IV Coated Strips (96-Wells)

96-well plate coated with human Collagen Type IV used for cell adhesion studies.

MSDS (material safety data sheet) or SDS, CoA and CoQ, dossiers, brochures and other available documents.

SDS
CoA
References

Key Applications: Enzyme Assays

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Key Specifications Table

Key Applications	Detection Methods
Enzyme Assays	Chromogenic

Description
Catalogue Number	ECM105
Brand Family	Chemicon®
Trade Name	Millicoat Chemicon
Description	Millicoat™ Human Collagen Type IV Coated Strips (96-Wells)
Overview	Cell adhesion plays a major role in cellular communication and regulation, and is of fundamental importance in the development and maintenance of tissues. Scientists are continually examining the adhesion and migration of many diverse cell types on various extracellular matrix (ECM) component proteins. Millicoat™ Cell Adhesion Strips are provided as 12 x 8-well removable strips in a plate frame for convenience and flexibility in designing assays. The wells in rows A - G have been coated with Human Collagen Type IV. Row H of each strip is coated with BSA which serves as a negative assay control. Cells are seeded onto the coated substrate. Subsequently, adherent cells are fixed and stained. Relative attachment is determined using absorbance readings.
Alternate Names	Formerly under the CytoMatrix^TM brand name.

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Product Information
Detection method	Chromogenic
HS Code	3002 15 90
Quality Level	MQ100

Applications
Application	96-well plate coated with human Collagen Type IV used for cell adhesion studies.
Key Applications	Enzyme Assays
Application Notes	PROCEDURE: NOTE: Optimal assay timing and performance may vary for different cell lines but generally can be obtained using subconfluent cell cultures in the assay described below. Subconfluent cultures can be achieved by splitting cells 1 to 2 days prior to performing the assay. 1. Rehydrate the strips with 200 mL of PBS per well for at least 15 minutes at room temperature. Remove the PBS from the rehydrated strips. 2. Prepare a single cell suspension, preferably using a non-enzymatic dissociation buffer. Optimum cell density may be determined by titration of the cells. A common starting range is between 1x10E05 to 1x10E07 cells/mL. 3. Add 100 mL of the diluted cell suspension to each well. Incubate the plate at 37°C for 45 minutes in a CO2 incubator. Gently wash the plate 2-3 times with PBS containing Ca2+/Mg2+ (200 mL/well). 4. Add 100 mL of 0.2% crystal violet in 10% ethanol to each well. Incubate for 5 minutes at room temperature. Remove the stain from the wells. Gently wash the strips 3-5 times with PBS (300 mL/well) to remove the excess stain. 5. Add 100 mL of Solubilization Buffer (A 50/50 mixture of 0.1M NaH2PO4, pH 4.5 and 50% ethanol) to each well. Allow strips to incubate and gently shake at room temperature until the cell-bound stain is completely solubilized; approximately 5 minutes. 6. Determine the absorbance at 540 - 570 nm on a microplate reader.

Biological Information
Species Reactivity	Human
Entrez Gene Number	NM_001845.4
Entrez Gene Summary	This gene encodes the major type IV alpha collagen chain of basement membranes. Like the other members of the type IV collagen gene family, this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common promoter.
Gene Symbol	COL4A1 Arresten arresten
UniProt Number	P02462
UniProt Summary	FUNCTION: SwissProt: P02462 # Type IV collagen is the major structural component of glomerular basement membranes (GBM), forming a 'chicken-wire' meshwork together with laminins, proteoglycans and entactin/nidogen. Potently inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Inhibits angiogenesis potentially via mechanisms involving cell surface proteoglycans and the alpha and beta integrins of endothelial cells. SIZE: 1669 amino acids; 160615 Da SUBUNIT: There are six type IV collagen isoforms, alpha 1(IV)- alpha 6(IV), each of which can form a triple helix structure with 2 other chains to generate type IV collagen network. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, basement membrane. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in placenta. DOMAIN: SwissProt: P02462 Alpha chains of type IV collagen have a non-collagenous domain (NC1) at their C-terminus, frequent interruptions of the G- X-Y repeats in the long central triple-helical domain (which may cause flexibility in the triple helix), and a short N-terminal triple-helical 7S domain. PTM: Lysines at the third position of the tripeptide repeating unit (G-X-Y) are hydroxylated in all cases and bind carbohydrates. & Prolines at the third position of the tripeptide repeating unit (G-X-Y) are hydroxylated in some or all of the chains. & Type IV collagens contain numerous cysteine residues which are involved in inter- and intramolecular disulfide bonding. 12 of these, located in the NC1 domain, are conserved in all known type IV collagens. & The trimeric structure of the NC1 domains may be stabilized by covalent bonds between Lys and Met residues. DISEASE: SwissProt: P02462 # Defects in COL4A1 are a cause of brain small vessel disease with hemorrhage [MIM:607595]. Brain small vessel diseases underlie 20 to 30 percent of ischemic strokes and a larger proportion of intracerebral hemorrhages. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. & Defects in COL4A1 are a cause of porencephaly type 1 [MIM:175780]; also known as encephaloclastic porencephaly. Porencephaly is a term used for any cavitation or cerebrospinal fluid-filled cyst in the brain. Porencephaly type 1 is usually unilateral and results from focal destructive lesions such as fetal vascular occlusion or birth trauma. Inheritance is autosomal dominant. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type IV collagen family. & Contains 2 COL4C (collagen IV C-terminal) domains.
Stem Cell Type	Human Embryonic Stem Cells Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Mesenchymal Stem Cells Neural Stem Cells Hematopoietic Stem Cells Epithelial Cells Pancreatic Stem Cells Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Physicochemical Information

Dimensions

Materials Information

Toxicological Information

Safety Information according to GHS

Safety Information

Product Usage Statements
Usage Statement	Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.

Storage and Shipping Information
Storage Conditions	Strips may be stored at 2-8°C in the foil pouch for at least 3 months. Unused strips may be placed back in the pouch for storage. Ensure that the desiccant remains in the pouch, and that the pouch is securely closed.

Packaging Information
Material Size	1 plate
Material Package	96 wells

Transport Information

Supplemental Information

Specifications

Global Trade Item Number
Catalog Number	GTIN
ECM105	04053252278693

Documentation

Millicoat™ Human Collagen Type IV Coated Strips (96-Wells) SDS

Title
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Millicoat™ Human Collagen Type IV Coated Strips (96-Wells) Certificates of Analysis

Title	Lot Number
Millicoat CELL ADHESION STRIPS HUMAN COLLAGEN TYPE IV -
MillicoatTM CELL ADHESION STRIPS -2744187	2744187
MillicoatTM CELL ADHESION STRIPS -2788409	2788409
MillicoatTM CELL ADHESION STRIPS HUMAN COLLAGEN TYPE IV - 3159884	3159884

References

Reference overview	Pub Med ID
Analysis of fertility-related soluble mediators in human uterine fluid identifies VEGF as a key regulator of embryo implantation. N J Hannan,P Paiva,K L Meehan,L J F Rombauts,D K Gardner,L A Salamonsen Endocrinology 152 2011 Show Abstract Embryo implantation requires synchronized dialogue between the receptive endometrium and activated blastocyst via locally produced soluble mediators. During the midsecretory (MS) phase of the menstrual cycle, increased glandular secretion into the uterine lumen contains important mediators that modulate the endometrium and support the conceptus during implantation. This study aimed first to identify the growth factor and cytokine profile of human uterine fluid from fertile women during the midproliferative (MP; nonreceptive) and MS (receptive) phases of the cycle, and from women with unexplained infertility during the MS phase. The second aim was to determine important functions of endometrial secretions for embryo implantation. Analysis of uterine fluid using quantitative Luminex assays revealed the presence of over 30 cytokines and growth factors, of which eight [platelet-derived growth factor-AA, TNF-B, soluble IL-2 receptor-A, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, soluble CD40 ligand, IL-7, interferon-A2, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1-3] were previously unknown in human uterine fluid. Comparison of the fertile MP, MS, and infertile MS cohorts revealed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are significantly reduced in uterine fluid during the MS phase in women with unexplained infertility compared with fertile women. Functional studies demonstrated that culturing mouse embryos with either MS-phase uterine fluid from fertile women or recombinant human VEGF significantly enhanced blastocyst outgrowth. Furthermore, treatment of human endometrial epithelial cells with uterine fluid or recombinant human VEGF-A significantly increased endometrial epithelial cell adhesion. Taken together, our data support the concept that endometrial secretions, including VEGF, play important roles during implantation. Identifying the soluble mediators in human uterine fluid and their actions during implantation provides insight into interactions essential for establishing pregnancy, fertility markers, and infertility treatment options.	22028446
CX3CL1 and CCL14 regulate extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the trophoblast: potential roles in human embryo implantation. Natalie J Hannan,Lois A Salamonsen Biology of reproduction 79 2008 Show Abstract Embryo implantation is a complex process involving blastocyst attachment to the endometrial epithelium and subsequent trophoblast invasion of the decidua. We have previously shown that the chemokines CX3CL1 and CCL14 are abundant in endometrial vasculature, epithelial, and decidual cells at this time, and that their receptors, CX3CR1 and CCR1, are present on invading human trophoblasts. CX3CL1 and CCL14 promote trophoblast migration. We hypothesized that these endometrial chemokines promote trophoblast migration by regulating adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) components on the trophoblast, similar to mechanisms used in leukocyte trafficking. Trophoblast cells (AC1M-88) used previously showed a marked increase in adhesion to fibronectin following treatment with CX3CL1 and CCL14. Alterations in trophoblast adhesion and ECM following chemokine stimulation were examined using pathway-specific oligo-arrays and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. More than 30 genes were affected by CX3CL1 treatment, and 15 genes were found to be regulated by CCL14 treatment. Real-time RT-PCR quantitation revealed significant changes in the mRNA transcripts of alpha-catenin (CTNNA1), extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), osteopontin (SPP1), integrin alpha 6 (ITGA6), matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12), and integrin beta 5 (ITGB5) following chemokine treatment. Several of these genes have previously been implicated in implantation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of integrin alpha 6 and SPP1 protein in first-trimester human implantation sites. The temporal and spatial expression of chemokines, their receptors, adhesion, and ECM at the maternal-fetal interface emphasizes an important role in the controlled directional migration of trophoblasts through the maternal decidua. For the first time, this study demonstrates the direct effects of CX3CL1 and CCL14 on trophoblast adhesion molecules and ECM, suggesting mechanisms by which trophoblast cells migrate during early pregnancy.	18367676

Reference overview

Pub Med ID

Analysis of fertility-related soluble mediators in human uterine fluid identifies VEGF as a key regulator of embryo implantation.
N J Hannan,P Paiva,K L Meehan,L J F Rombauts,D K Gardner,L A Salamonsen
Endocrinology 152 2011

Show Abstract

Embryo implantation requires synchronized dialogue between the receptive endometrium and activated blastocyst via locally produced soluble mediators. During the midsecretory (MS) phase of the menstrual cycle, increased glandular secretion into the uterine lumen contains important mediators that modulate the endometrium and support the conceptus during implantation. This study aimed first to identify the growth factor and cytokine profile of human uterine fluid from fertile women during the midproliferative (MP; nonreceptive) and MS (receptive) phases of the cycle, and from women with unexplained infertility during the MS phase. The second aim was to determine important functions of endometrial secretions for embryo implantation. Analysis of uterine fluid using quantitative Luminex assays revealed the presence of over 30 cytokines and growth factors, of which eight [platelet-derived growth factor-AA, TNF-B, soluble IL-2 receptor-A, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, soluble CD40 ligand, IL-7, interferon-A2, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1-3] were previously unknown in human uterine fluid. Comparison of the fertile MP, MS, and infertile MS cohorts revealed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are significantly reduced in uterine fluid during the MS phase in women with unexplained infertility compared with fertile women. Functional studies demonstrated that culturing mouse embryos with either MS-phase uterine fluid from fertile women or recombinant human VEGF significantly enhanced blastocyst outgrowth. Furthermore, treatment of human endometrial epithelial cells with uterine fluid or recombinant human VEGF-A significantly increased endometrial epithelial cell adhesion. Taken together, our data support the concept that endometrial secretions, including VEGF, play important roles during implantation. Identifying the soluble mediators in human uterine fluid and their actions during implantation provides insight into interactions essential for establishing pregnancy, fertility markers, and infertility treatment options.

22028446

CX3CL1 and CCL14 regulate extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the trophoblast: potential roles in human embryo implantation.
Natalie J Hannan,Lois A Salamonsen
Biology of reproduction 79 2008

Show Abstract

Embryo implantation is a complex process involving blastocyst attachment to the endometrial epithelium and subsequent trophoblast invasion of the decidua. We have previously shown that the chemokines CX3CL1 and CCL14 are abundant in endometrial vasculature, epithelial, and decidual cells at this time, and that their receptors, CX3CR1 and CCR1, are present on invading human trophoblasts. CX3CL1 and CCL14 promote trophoblast migration. We hypothesized that these endometrial chemokines promote trophoblast migration by regulating adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) components on the trophoblast, similar to mechanisms used in leukocyte trafficking. Trophoblast cells (AC1M-88) used previously showed a marked increase in adhesion to fibronectin following treatment with CX3CL1 and CCL14. Alterations in trophoblast adhesion and ECM following chemokine stimulation were examined using pathway-specific oligo-arrays and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. More than 30 genes were affected by CX3CL1 treatment, and 15 genes were found to be regulated by CCL14 treatment. Real-time RT-PCR quantitation revealed significant changes in the mRNA transcripts of alpha-catenin (CTNNA1), extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), osteopontin (SPP1), integrin alpha 6 (ITGA6), matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12), and integrin beta 5 (ITGB5) following chemokine treatment. Several of these genes have previously been implicated in implantation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of integrin alpha 6 and SPP1 protein in first-trimester human implantation sites. The temporal and spatial expression of chemokines, their receptors, adhesion, and ECM at the maternal-fetal interface emphasizes an important role in the controlled directional migration of trophoblasts through the maternal decidua. For the first time, this study demonstrates the direct effects of CX3CL1 and CCL14 on trophoblast adhesion molecules and ECM, suggesting mechanisms by which trophoblast cells migrate during early pregnancy.

18367676

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ECM105 Sigma-AldrichMillicoat™ Human Collagen Type IV Coated Strips (96-Wells)

96-well plate coated with human Collagen Type IV used for cell adhesion studies.

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